Ancient Patara: Birthplace of St. Nicholas

Patara, located near Kaş on Türkiye’s Mediterranean coast, is one of the most historically rich destinations in the region. Once the capital of the Lycian League, Patara is famed for its ancient harbour, Roman architecture, and as the birthplace of St. Nicholas—the figure who inspired Santa Claus.

With over 2,500 years of history buried beneath its golden dunes, Patara is a must-visit for history lovers, archaeology enthusiasts, and those simply seeking a peaceful beach experience steeped in ancient wonder.

Why Patara Matters

Patara was the most important harbour city of ancient Lycia and retained this role for centuries. Known as Pttara in Lycian inscriptions and Patar in Hittite texts, it was once the only settlement in the Xanthos Valley.

Thanks to its strategic location, Patara played a vital role in both maritime trade and early Christianity. St. Paul is believed to have boarded a ship to Rome from its harbour, and the city is also the birthplace of St. Nicholas, one of Christianity’s most cherished figures.

A Living Museum: What to See in Patara

The Victory Arch of Modestus

This impressive Roman-era gate marks the entrance to the ancient city. Built in the 1st century CE, it’s an enduring symbol of Patara's grand architecture.

The Bouleuterion (Ancient Parliament Building)

Patara’s bouleuterion is the oldest known parliament building in the world, where representatives of the Lycian League once gathered. Restored by the Turkish Parliament, it now welcomes visitors into its towering limestone structure, which can seat 1,400 people.

Patara Theatre

Located on the slopes of Kurşunlu Hill, the theatre dates back to the Hellenistic period and was rebuilt after a 1st-century earthquake. Though partially covered by sand, it remains a scenic spot with panoramic views over the ruins and coastline.

The Basilica and Churches

The 5th-century Great Basilica near the harbour baths, along with another early Christian church on Günlük Hill, offer insights into Byzantine religious life. These structures were used from the 4th to the 12th centuries, surviving earthquakes and renovations.

Granarium (Grain Storehouse)

Built during the reign of Emperor Trajan, this large structure once stored grain for transport across Anatolia and to Rome. It showcases ancient Roman water and aqueduct systems.

The Nero Lighthouse

Erected by Roman Emperor Nero in 64–65 CE, this is the world’s oldest known lighthouse. Though buried in sand following an earthquake and tsunami, its remnants still stand near the original harbour entrance.

Vespasian Baths

Four Roman bathhouses—including the Central Bath, Harbour Bath, Nero Bath, and Small Bath—date back to 60 CE and are considered some of Anatolia’s earliest examples of public baths.

Tepecik Settlement

A rocky outcrop overlooking the city and harbour, this site served as Patara’s military and administrative centre. It was continuously inhabited from the 6th century BCE until the 5th century CE.

Patara’s Long History at a Glance

• 7th century BCE: Founded and inhabited through multiple civilisations
• Capital of the Lycian League, with three votes in the federation
• Roman Period: Major hub of trade and grain storage, with monumental development
• Christian Era: Recognised as a holy city and a stop on pilgrim routes to the Holy Land
• Byzantine Period: Home to many churches; decline began after 541 CE plague and Arab raids
• Seljuk Conquest: One of the first Mediterranean coastal cities conquered (1211 CE)
• 16th century CE: Last known population before abandonment
• Rediscovered: By British naval officer Captain Beaufort in 1811–12

Nature’s Role in Patara’s Story

The Eşen (Xanthos) River carried sand to Patara for centuries, slowly transforming the harbour into an inland lake. These shifting sands preserved many ancient ruins and have created lush wetlands filled with tamarisk trees—a defining feature of the modern Patara landscape.

To protect the ruins from further sand erosion, acacia and eucalyptus trees were planted, and excavation continues to this day.

Modern Recognition and Cultural Importance

In 2020, Patara was selected as the official theme of the year by Türkiye’s Ministry of Culture and Tourism. This brought new focus to its:

• 5th-century BCE Temple of Athena
• Roman-era baths and storage buildings
• Bouleuterion and churches
• Lycian sarcophagi and necropolis
• And of course, its historic lighthouse

Practical Information

📍 Address: Gelemiş Village, Kaş, Antalya
🕒 Opening Hours:

• Summer (1 April – 1 October): 08:00–19:00
• Winter (1 October – 1 April): 08:30–17:30
  🎟 Entry Fee: 30 TL | Museum Pass valid
  🗓 Open daily, year-round

A Day Trip from Kaş or Kalkan

Visiting Kaş or Kalkan and considering a cultural excursion? Patara makes for a perfect day trip, combining archaeology, history, and nature.

You can also enjoy the nearby Patara Beach, known for being one of Türkiye’s longest and most unspoiled stretches of sand.

Want to Explore by Sea Instead?

If you'd like to discover the coast by boat, let us help you plan the perfect private boat trip. Visit our Tours page and we’ll help you explore hidden coves, sunken cities, and unforgettable coastal scenery.